These organisms have homologous structures. Homologous characters are the similar characters observed in different organisms due to a common ancestor. Hence, scientists use homologous characters and analogous characters.
However, phylogenetic trees or evolutionary trees are hypothesized constructions. Scientists compare anatomy, embryos and DNA data to determine the evolutionary history of organisms and build phylogenetic trees. Natural selection and adaptation lead organisms to survive or become extinct from the environment. However, environment also has a great influence on organisms’ characteristics. When critically analyzing and comparing their similarities, evidence can be identified about their evolutionary relationships. Biologists state that all living organisms must share a single last common ancestor. Similarities between organisms and structures are believed to be inherited from a common ancestor. Two or more related populations or species become more and more dissimilar.Key Difference – Homologous vs Analogous Structures.Bees can’t see red, but can see in blue, yellow, and UV.Predators and their prey sometimes co-evolve.Change of two or more species in close association with each other.While the Hbof humans and frogs differ by 67 amino acids!!.Ex: the amino acid sequence in human hemoglobin and gorilla hemoglobin differ by ONE amino acid.The more similar homologous proteins are in different species, the more closely related the species are thought to be.Vertebrates share a common ancestor lemur pig human.Closely related organisms often have similar stages in their embryonic development.Some snakes have tiny pelvic bones and limb bones.Features that were useful to an ancestor, but they are not useful to the modern organism that has th.Ex: wings of a hummingbird and humming moth – both can hover to feed.Similar functions but differ in structure.Only very few designs for a wing would allow for hovering.Humming bird and moth - last common ancestor did not have wings.Acquiring the same biological trait independently.Structures that are similar but has different functions.
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